A deep learning-based approach for automated landmark extraction from 3dMD facial photographs was developed and its precision was evaluated. The results showed high precision and consistency in landmark annotation, comparable to manual and semi-automatic annotation methods.
The sample consisted of 20 randomly selected 3D photos at rest (ten 8-12-year-old children and ten 20-40-year-old adults, with equal gender distribution), from a preexisting orthodontic patient sample.
The sample of the present retrospective study consisted of 14 MZ twin pairs recruited from the archive of Marmara University. The 3dMDface system was used to capture the twin pairs.
We conducted this study to identify phenotypes of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children based on lifestyle, sleep habits, age, obesity, sex, soft tissue facial features, and specific craniofacial abnormalities.
When the nasal tip protrusion decreased, the subjects all had the visual illusion of upper lip protrusion; and when the nasal tip protrusion was too large, the general population had the most obvious visual illusion of upper lip protrusion.
This study explored the association between occlusal and facial asymmetries in adolescents, particularly emphasizing a Class II subdivision.
These results could be attributed to the fact that the placement of the prosthesis in mouth helps directing lip position with big linear measurements.
Reasonable orthodontic design corrects bone incoordination and improves profile.
At the age of nine and thirteen, three-dimensional (3D) facial images were taken of the children using a 3dMDface System (3dMD LLC, USA) photogrammetric device by trained photographers.
Multilevel PCA (mPCA) has been used by us to analyze 3D facial shapes obtained from 3D facial scans; note that two-level multilevel PCA (mPCA) is equivalent to bgPCA. mPCA has been used previously to investigate changes by ethnicity and sex, facial shape changes in adolescents due to age, and the effects of maternal smoking and alcohol consumption on the facial shape of English adolescents.